The Malopolska School of Economics in Tarnow Research Papers Collection

The relation of operating costs and the economic productivity of assets according to the type and scale of activity in food enterprises

Robert Roman Stolarski — 2022-06-30

The aim of the study is to determine the relation of operating costs to revenues from operating activities and economic productivity of assets depending on the type and scale of companies’ activity in the food sector. The research was carried out using the indicator of the level of operating costs to operating income, as well as the indicator of economic productivity of resources, measured by the ratio of operating result to average annual
assets. The research included 175 companies of Polish food sector with revenues exceeding EUR 5 million per year from 2009 to 2017. It was found that at the operational level, the ratio of costs to revenues depended on the type of activity of the enterprise and raised with the increase in its scale. The dependence of the economic productivity of assets on the ratio of operating costs to operating income decreased along with the increase in the scale of the company’s operation. It was also noted that the level of operating costs did not independently affect the size of the economic productivity of assets of food sector enterprises.

The use of accounting system to assess the pursuit of sustainable development in environmental protection by the Polish listed companies from the energy sector

Sławomir Lisek — 2022-06-30

The purpose of this study is to verify the extent, to which an accounting system enables acquisition of environmental protection data, and assess the presence of correlation between the pursuit of environmental protection and financial condition. The research hypotheses are: Does accounting system make possible obtaining information about environmental protection? Is there connection between environmental protection and companies condition? To attain this goals, heuristic methods and indicator methods were used. The entities publish increasingly more information on environmental protection. Formalizing and
structuring the presentation of environmental protection data in the companies’ reports would be recommended. There is no correlation between environmental protection and condition of a company.

Historical and boutique hospitality in the era of pandemic and conflict in Ukraine. Case study of Poznań

Krzysztof Sala — 2022-06-30

Boutique and historical hospitality, due to its uniqueness, can often be described as a phenomenon of the modern tourism market. Historical and boutique hotels are now more and more popular segments of the hotel industry in the world and in Poland. The commercial adaptation of previously neglected historic buildings is a way of ensuring their ongoing maintenance and further development by their new owners or heirs. In turn, the uniqueness and specificity of the services provided in this type of hotels attracts more and more demanding guests. The aim of the article is to present the current situation and the specificity of the functioning of historical and boutique hotels in the era of the ongoing global pandemic and conflict in Ukraine.
For the purposes of this publication, the historical and boutique hotel markets in Poznań were analyzed. The research hypothesis is based on the statement that the global COVID-19 pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine
have a significant impact on the operation of historical and boutique hotels in Poznań. The article was created with the use of compact materials as well as netographic information. The research method used in the publication is the analysis of existing data, literary criticism and a direct telephone interview on a deliberately selected group of owners and managers of unique hotels in Poznań. The research results positively verify the thesis. The motive for choosing the above topics was the desire to fill the research gap in the field of the latest studies on the unique hospitality industry in the field of economics.

Analysis of the effectiveness of mergers and acquisitions in 2009–2019 in Poland

Paweł Łojek — 2022-06-30

The basic motive for the functioning of enterprises is the maximization of benefits by achieving positive financial results with the minimum possible involvement of the company’s capital. Each positive result
that the company can achieve from its activities is treated positively by its stakeholders, as it contributes
to the growth of its economic potential. However, to achieve it, certain processes must be carried out, which directly aim at generating appropriate value through cooperation with other entities on the market. Among such processes, there are transaction operations based on the merger and acquisition mechanism. It should be emphasized that they are generally perceived as positive measures, and sometimes—from an economic perspective— even necessary. The main purpose of the article is to review the most valuable M&A transactions among capital groups operating in Poland. The added value of the article is the possibility of developing research towards the benefits of mergers and acquisitions, as well as extending observations to other economic sectors and geographic locations (in particular, the assessment of the effects of mergers and acquisitions in other countries of the world). The conclusions from the article may indicate that the M&A sector has stabilized in recent years, as well as the positive benefits of these transactions.

Technology-based business model: A startup perspective

Anna Sibińska — 2022-06-30

This paper examines how a startup can develop its business model for using virtual reality in the healthcare education sector. Due to the detail of the study, which is required to show the mechanisms of business model modification, a single case study was conducted for a startup located in the Czech Republic. The studied company develops virtual reality technology and solutions in industries such as healthcare, education, social services, engineering, and government sector. The study provides empirical evidence on the main mechanisms shaping the elements of a business model and shows the expansion of virtual reality implementation. The study shows also how the digital capabilities and the information technologies can impact the external and internal business processes that respond to the three approaches of BM development: service-oriented approach, network-oriented approach, and user-driven approach. Business model development is required in today’s market, typically due to the fourth industrial revolution, which leads to automation and digitization of business processes.

The evolution of risk management

Sylwia Przetacznik — 2022-06-30

The aim of this paper is to present the evolution of approaches towards risk management, starting from the beginnings of this field and ending with modern times. The article provides an overview on the applied approaches towards risk management. It allows to understand the basics of contemporary risk management concepts in enterprises and can provide guidance for further research on risk. The author analyzes in detail the change in approaches towards risk management over the years, focusing in particular on traditional, silo risk management and on the most modern concept—ERM, currently considered the most mature and the most perfect, proactive approach towards risk management in an enterprise. Silo risk management treats individual risks independently and focuses on minimizing risk exposure, while the essence of ERM is the integrated management of all risks to which the organization is exposed and the inclusion of risk management in the organization’s strategy.

Application of court mediation in economic and business matters

Iwona Wolańska-Wieczorek — 2022-06-30

Company owners or people managing the company face various problems, conflicts and disputes on a daily basis. Some of them are a real challenge for them and, as a consequence, lead to mediation interventions.
These, in turn, are an alternative to resolving a dispute or a business conflict and bring hope for an improvement in the quality of the company’s operation within its management system. It should be noted that mediation is a process of voluntary and confidential dispute resolution in the presence of a neutral and impartial mediator. In a relatively short time and at low costs, entities participating in mediation can achieve a satisfactory solution, which in many cases translates into their further business cooperation. The aim of the article is to present the positive results of the use of mediation in economic and business cases. The article is an attempt to answer the problem question: What is the use of mediation in economic and business matters? The essence of mediation, its principles and stages of the mediation procedure as well as its application in company management will be briefly explained and discussed.

CSR concept. Characteristics, CSR as an element of the organization’s strategy

Edgar Kobos — 2022-06-30

The aim of the article is to organize the work of researchers in the field of corporate social responsibility to date. The phenomenon of corporate social responsibility has become more and more common in
business units with the passage of time. For the preparation of the article, scientific publications published in the 21st century and the last quarter of the 20th century were analyzed. Consumers attach increasing importance to companies’ CSR behaviour. Initially, only the largest businesses were interested in, developed and implemented strategies for responsible business. Nowadays, the size of the entity does not differentiate the approach to CSR, because both corporations, representatives of the small and medium-sized enterprises sector, as well as micro-enterprises. The scientific achievements so far developed by independent researchers in the analyzed area over the last 50 years enable effective verification of companies’ activities in the field of
corporate social responsibility. In the future, research should be undertaken to determine the impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic on the way in which leadership functions are carried out.